In our research, we use various analytical tools to extract the needed molecular level insights of surface chemistry and photochemistry in different reactions systems. These tools extend from simple surface and bulk characterization of nanomaterial to custom-built reactor systems with multiple analytical probes. In some cases, we conduct batch reactor studies in custom made glass reactors at atmospheric pressure and temperature. In other cases, nanoparticles are exposed to mixtures of trace gases under simulated (controlled) environmental conditions such as relative humidity, temperature and solar flux. Different relative humidity and temperature regimes are used to probe the chemistry and photochemistry of environmental process depend upon the exact hypotheses we are testing and the environmental questions that we are trying to address. Some of the research tools and techniques that we use in our lab are listed below. These links provide a brief description of each tools and technique.